DETUROPE - The Central European Journal of Regional Development and Tourism 2025, 17(2):150-166

Urbex (Urban Exploration) and pseudourbex: what is the actual difference?

Kamila Turečkováa
a Department of Economics and Public Administration, Silesian University in Opava

Urban Exploration (URBEX) is a relatively modern leisure activity that is directly related to the exploration of abandoned and unused buildings, sites and other results of human activity. Urbex is often presented as the exploration of modern ruins and is characterized by a set of unwritten rules to be followed by the so-called explorers (urbexers), which defines urbex as such. Urbex is a phenomenon on the border of the law, but it is not comprehensively scientifically elaborated, especially in the field of typology and defining what urbex is and what it is not. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to elaborate the theoretical concept of urbex within the limits of scientific work, including the determination of its forms and manifestations, and within these, to establish key parameters for identifying the differences between authentic urbex and pseudo-urbex, which in the true sense of the word is not urbex as such. Defining the intermediate form between urbex in the true sense of the word and the absence of urbex is essential for further research, as it allows specifying the subject under investigation. The specification of pseudourbex is an autistic innovation and neologism and is based on a factual confrontation and synthesis of the rules of urbex and its types and forms, which is combined with the author's own knowledge. The topic of pseudourbex itself is not contentious, but is open to further scientific discussion.

Keywords: urbex; urban exploration; urbexer; pseudourbex; rurex

Received: July 16, 2024; Revised: September 28, 2025; Accepted: December 23, 2025; Published: December 25, 2025  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Turečková, K. (2025). Urbex (Urban Exploration) and pseudourbex: what is the actual difference? DETUROPE - The Central European Journal of Regional Development and Tourism17(2), 150-166
Download citation

References

  1. Borseková, K., Cole, D., Petríková, K., & Vaňová, A. (2015). Nostalgic Sentiment And Cultural And Creative Industries In Regional Development: A Slovak Case Study. Quaestiones Geographicae, 34(2), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2015-0015 Go to original source...
  2. Cameron, E. (2008). Cultural Geographies Essay: Indigenous Spectrality and the Politics of Postcolonial Ghost Stories. Cultural Geographies, 15(3), 383-393. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474474008091334 Go to original source...
  3. Chválová, B. (2021). Nebezpečný koníček na hraně zákona. Urbex má své vyznavače i v Čechách. Retrieved from https://budejovice.rozhlas.cz/nebezpecny-konicek-na-hrane-zakona-urbex-ma-sve-vyznavace-i-v-cechach-8474856
  4. Craggs, R., Geoghegan, H., & Neate, H. (2013). Architectural Enthusiasm: Visiting Buildings with the Twentieth Century Society, Environment and Planning D Society and Space, 31(5), 879-896. https://doi.org/10.1068/d14512 Go to original source...
  5. Cuba, J. (2023). Tajemný urbex: Odnes si pouze fotografie, zanechej jen stopy bot. Retrieved from https://www.fotolab.cz/blog/tajemny-urbex-odnes-si-pouze-fotografie-zanechej-jen-stopy-bot/
  6. Duda, D., K. Turečková & Márton, M. (2025). Rights and Obligations of Urbexers in the Context of the Legislation of the Czech Republic. DANUBE, 16(1), 49-60. https://dx.doi.org/10.2478/danb-2025-0004 Go to original source...
  7. Duda, D., M. Márton & Turečková, K. (2024). Legal aspects of URBEX from the perspective of the property owner in the context of Czech law. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Iuridica, 70(1), 199-211. https://doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2024.13 Go to original source...
  8. Faiglová, B., & Havlíková, K. (2014). URBEX: Opuštěná místa v Čechách. Praha: Grada.
  9. Fraser, E. (2012). Urban exploration as adventure tourism: Journeying beyond the everyday. In H. Andrews and L. Roberts (eds), Liminal Landscapes: Travel, Experience, and Spaces In-between, 136-151. New York: Routledge.
  10. Fulton, C. (2017). Urban exploration: Secrecy and information creation and sharing in a hobby context. Library & Information Science Research, 39(3), 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2017.07.003 Go to original source...
  11. Fulton, C. (2021). Urban exploration: Traces of the secretly documented, decayed, and disused. Library Trends, 69(3), 556-572. https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2021.0003 Go to original source...
  12. Gądzik, Z. 2022. Criminal assessment of urban exploration. Studia Prawnicze kul, 3(91). https://doi.org/10.31743/sp.13200 Go to original source...
  13. Garrett, B. L. (2010). Urban explorers: Quests for myth, mystery and meaning. Geography Compass, 4(10), 1448-1461. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2010.00389.x Go to original source...
  14. Garrett, B. L. (2012). Place Hacking: Tales of Urban Exploration. University of London.
  15. Garrett, B. L. (2014). Undertaking Recreational Trespass: Urban Exploration and Infiltration. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 39(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12001 Go to original source...
  16. Garrett, B. L. (2016). Urban Exploration as Heritage Placemaking. In H. Orange (Ed), Reanimating Industrial Spaces: Conducting Memory Work in Post-industrial Societies. Routlege, 72-91. Go to original source...
  17. George, J. (2011). Gazing through the sepia lens: Critical considerations of tourism's nostalgic construction of the small town. Social Alternatives, 30(2), 30-34.
  18. Gonzalez, M. G. (2022). Imagining experiences through the urbex. A kind of suburban post-industrial prototourism. PASOS Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 20(2), 359-370. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2022.20.026 Go to original source...
  19. Hála, M., MacGregor Pelikánová, R., & Rubáček, F. (2023). Negative Determinants of CSR Support by Generation Z in Central Europe - Infodemic´s Gender-Sensitive Impacts in a 'COVID-19' Era. Central European Business Review, 13(2), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.cebr.344 MUP. Go to original source...
  20. Israel, M. (2022). Research and the Ethics of Urban Exploration and Criminal Trespass. In: O'Mathúna D, Iphofen R, editors. Ethics, Integrity and Policymaking: The Value of the Case Study. Cham (CH): Springer. Go to original source...
  21. Kindynis T. (2017). Urban Exploration: From Subterranea to Spectacle. The British Journal of Criminology, 57(4), 982-1001. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azw045 Go to original source...
  22. Kovacs, K. (2023). "The Hidden Beauty in Destruction" - Urban Exploration des Six Flags Freizeitparks in New Orleans - Wahrnehmung und Wiedergabe. RaumFragen: Stadt - Region - Landschaft, 429-455. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39085-3_22 Go to original source...
  23. Kuźma, K. (2015). Urbexersi - eksploratorzy opuszczonego miasta. Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne, 15, 223-239.
  24. Lang, P. (2008). Stalker Unbounded: Urban Activism and the Terrain Vague. In M. Dehaene and L. De Cauter (eds), Heterotopia and the City: Public Space in a Postcivil Society, 215-224. London: Routledge.
  25. Lavrenova, O. (2024). Desolation as a Plot: Urban Exploration on YouTube. Nauka Televideniâ, 20(3), 129-152. https://doi.org/10.30628/1994-9529-2024-20.3-129-152 Go to original source...
  26. Le Gallou, A. (2018). De l'urbex au tourisme de ruines. Enjeux touristiques et patrimoniaux des espaces urbains abandonnés. Espaces, 340, 26-31.
  27. Lebreton, F., & Gibout, C. (2017). Les nouveaux usages ludiques du patrimoine militaire: Opportunités pour le développement récréatif des territoires?. Riséo, 2017(1), 53-75.
  28. Lennon, J., & Foley, M. (2000). Dark Tourism- the Attraction of Death and Disaster. London: Continuum.
  29. Lesné, R. (2022). "Urbex and Urban Space": A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliome-tric Analysis. International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure, 5(4), 425-443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-022-00120-y. Go to original source...
  30. Lyden, J. (2013). New York underground: Exploring city caves and catacombs. NPR.
  31. Merrill, S. (2014). Keeping it Real? Subcultural Graffiti, Street Art, Heritage and Authenticity. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 21(4), 369-389. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2014.934902 Go to original source...
  32. Mott, C., & Roberts, S. M. (2014). Not everyone has (the) balls: Urban exploration and the persistence of masculinist geography. Antipode, 46(1), 229-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12033 Go to original source...
  33. Nieszczerzewska, M. (2018). Urban Exploration as an "Interior Tourism". In S. Owsianowska, & M. Banaszkiewicz (Eds), Anthropology of Tourism in Central and Eastern Europe: Bridging Worlds, 255-270. Lexington Books.
  34. Ninjalicious. (2005). Access All Areas: A User's Guide to the Art of Urban Exploration. Ontario: Infilpress.
  35. Paiva, T. (2008). Night Visions: The Art of Urban Exploration. San Francisco: Chronicle Books.
  36. Pinder, D. (2005). Arts of urban exploration. Cultural Geographies, 12(4), 383-411. https://doi.org/10.1191/1474474005eu347oa Go to original source...
  37. Prescott, H. (2011). Reclaiming ruins: Childbirth, ruination and urban exploration photography of the ruined maternity ward. Women's Studies Quarterly, 39(3/4), 113-132. https://doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2011.0040 Go to original source...
  38. Půlpán, M. (2020). Urbex. Adrenalinový koníček na hraně zákona. Retrieved from https://pardubice.rozhlas.cz/urbex-adrenalinovy-konicek-na-hrane-zakona-8269836
  39. Radford, R. (2020). Psychogeography: An (Old) New Method for Viewing the Religious in the Urban and the Sacred. Fieldwork in Religion, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1558/firn.40567 Go to original source...
  40. Robinson, P. (2015). Conceptualizing urban exploration as beyond tourism and as anti-tourism. An International Journal of Akdeniz University Tourism Faculty, 3(2), 141-164.
  41. Rosa, H. (2013). Social Acceleration: A New Theory of Modernity. New York: Columbia University Press. Go to original source...
  42. Roult, R., White, B., Adjizian, J.-M., Morel-Michaud, L., & Auger, D. (2019). Loisir et intégration des immigrants: revue systématique des écrits sur le domaine et analyses autour des paradigmes de multiculturalisme et d'interculturalisme dans le contexte canadien. Loisir et Société, 49(2), 279-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2019.1626035 Go to original source...
  43. Steiner, C., & Reisinger, Y. (2006). Understanding existential authenticity. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(2), 299-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2005.08.002 Go to original source...
  44. Stones, S. (2016). The value of heritage: urban exploration and the historic environment. The Historic Environment Policy & Practice, 7(4), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/17567505.2016.1252490 Go to original source...
  45. Stonington, J. (2014). Berlin's Urban Explorers Don't Want You to Know their Secret Spots. Retrieved from http://www.vocativ.com/world/germany-world/urban-explorers-dont-want-you-in-their-secret-spots/
  46. Sucháček, J. (2019). The Benefit of Failure: On the Development of Ostrava's Culture. Sustainability, 11(9), 2592. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092592 Go to original source...
  47. Turečková, K., Nevima, J., Duda, D., & Tuleja, P. (2021). Latent Structures of Brownfield Regeneration: A Case Study of Regions of the Czech Republic. Journal of Cleaner Production, 311(127478). ISSN 0959-6526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127478 Go to original source...
  48. Turečková, K. (2022). Categorizing the Causes of Occurrence of Chateau Brownfields: A Case Study on the Czech Republic. Geographia Technica, 17(2), 220-227. ISSN 2065-4421. https://doi.org/10.21163/GT_2022.172.18 Go to original source...
  49. Turečková K. (2023). The Causes of the Occurrence and Spheres of Restoration of Chateau Brownfields: A Search for Causality on the Example of Properties in the Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. Land, 12(1), 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010251 Go to original source...
  50. Turečková, K., & Dolák, R. (2025). Urbex in the V4 countries: analysis of popularity trends. Geographia Cassoviensis, 19(1), 59-74. https://doi.org/10.33542/GC2025-1-04 Go to original source...
  51. Waitt, G., & Cook, L. (2007). Leaving nothing but ripples on the water: Performing ecotourism natures. Social and Cultural Geography, 8(4), 535-550. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649360701529782 Go to original source...
  52. Vaňová, A. (2015). Nostalgic Sentiment And Cultural And Creative Industries In Regional Development: A Slovak Case Study. Quaestiones Geographicae, 34(2), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2015-0015 Go to original source...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.